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Why does this C code die with a "malloc" call failing

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The majority of this code is either directly copied or edited from the GNU "libidn2" source code tree.

The crash is occurring in code that I added. The error message generated is "Encoding buffer allocation failed!". The system is a 24gb 2016 iMac running an up to date Catalina with >13gb free upon execution.

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdarg.h>#include <math.h>#include "punycode.h"#include "punycode_common.h"#include "idn2.h"struct punycode{  const char *name;  size_t inlen;  uint32_t in[100];  const char *out;  int rc;};static const struct punycode punycode[] = {  {"(A) Arabic (Egyptian)", 17,   {    0x0644, 0x064A, 0x0647, 0x0645, 0x0627, 0x0628, 0x062A, 0x0643,    0x0644, 0x0645, 0x0648, 0x0634, 0x0639, 0x0631, 0x0628, 0x064A,    0x061F}, "egbpdaj6bu4bxfgehfvwxn", IDN2_OK},  {"(B) Chinese (simplified)", 9,   {    0x4ED6, 0x4EEC, 0x4E3A, 0x4EC0, 0x4E48, 0x4E0D, 0x8BF4, 0x4E2D,    0x6587}, "ihqwcrb4cv8a8dqg056pqjye", IDN2_OK},  {"(C) Chinese (traditional)", 9,   {    0x4ED6, 0x5011, 0x7232, 0x4EC0, 0x9EBD, 0x4E0D, 0x8AAA, 0x4E2D,    0x6587}, "ihqwctvzc91f659drss3x8bo0yb", IDN2_OK},  {"(D) Czech: Pro<ccaron>prost<ecaron>nemluv<iacute><ccaron>esky", 22,   {    0x0050, 0x0072, 0x006F, 0x010D, 0x0070, 0x0072, 0x006F, 0x0073,    0x0074, 0x011B, 0x006E, 0x0065, 0x006D, 0x006C, 0x0075, 0x0076,    0x00ED, 0x010D, 0x0065, 0x0073, 0x006B, 0x0079},"Proprostnemluvesky-uyb24dma41a", IDN2_OK},  {"(E) Hebrew:", 22,   {    0x05DC, 0x05DE, 0x05D4, 0x05D4, 0x05DD, 0x05E4, 0x05E9, 0x05D5,    0x05D8, 0x05DC, 0x05D0, 0x05DE, 0x05D3, 0x05D1, 0x05E8, 0x05D9,    0x05DD, 0x05E2, 0x05D1, 0x05E8, 0x05D9, 0x05EA},"4dbcagdahymbxekheh6e0a7fei0b", IDN2_OK},  {"(F) Hindi (Devanagari):", 30,   {    0x092F, 0x0939, 0x0932, 0x094B, 0x0917, 0x0939, 0x093F, 0x0928,    0x094D, 0x0926, 0x0940, 0x0915, 0x094D, 0x092F, 0x094B, 0x0902,    0x0928, 0x0939, 0x0940, 0x0902, 0x092C, 0x094B, 0x0932, 0x0938,    0x0915, 0x0924, 0x0947, 0x0939, 0x0948, 0x0902},"i1baa7eci9glrd9b2ae1bj0hfcgg6iyaf8o0a1dig0cd", IDN2_OK},  {"(G) Japanese (kanji and hiragana):", 18,   {    0x306A, 0x305C, 0x307F, 0x3093, 0x306A, 0x65E5, 0x672C, 0x8A9E,    0x3092, 0x8A71, 0x3057, 0x3066, 0x304F, 0x308C, 0x306A, 0x3044,    0x306E, 0x304B},"n8jok5ay5dzabd5bym9f0cm5685rrjetr6pdxa", IDN2_OK},  {"(H) Korean (Hangul syllables):", 24,   {    0xC138, 0xACC4, 0xC758, 0xBAA8, 0xB4E0, 0xC0AC, 0xB78C, 0xB4E4,    0xC774, 0xD55C, 0xAD6D, 0xC5B4, 0xB97C, 0xC774, 0xD574, 0xD55C,    0xB2E4, 0xBA74, 0xC5BC, 0xB9C8, 0xB098, 0xC88B, 0xC744, 0xAE4C},"989aomsvi5e83db1d2a355cv1e0vak1dwrv93d5xbh15a0dt30a5jpsd879ccm6fea98c",   IDN2_OK},  {"(I) Russian (Cyrillic):", 28,   {    0x043F, 0x043E, 0x0447, 0x0435, 0x043C, 0x0443, 0x0436, 0x0435,    0x043E, 0x043D, 0x0438, 0x043D, 0x0435, 0x0433, 0x043E, 0x0432,    0x043E, 0x0440, 0x044F, 0x0442, 0x043F, 0x043E, 0x0440, 0x0443,    0x0441, 0x0441, 0x043A, 0x0438},"b1abfaaepdrnnbgefbadotcwatmq2g4l", IDN2_OK},  {"(J) Spanish: Porqu<eacute>nopuedensimplementehablarenEspa<ntilde>ol", 40,   {    0x0050, 0x006F, 0x0072, 0x0071, 0x0075, 0x00E9, 0x006E, 0x006F,    0x0070, 0x0075, 0x0065, 0x0064, 0x0065, 0x006E, 0x0073, 0x0069,    0x006D, 0x0070, 0x006C, 0x0065, 0x006D, 0x0065, 0x006E, 0x0074,    0x0065, 0x0068, 0x0061, 0x0062, 0x006C, 0x0061, 0x0072, 0x0065,    0x006E, 0x0045, 0x0073, 0x0070, 0x0061, 0x00F1, 0x006F, 0x006C},"PorqunopuedensimplementehablarenEspaol-fmd56a", IDN2_OK},  {"(K) Vietnamese:", 31,   {    0x0054, 0x1EA1, 0x0069, 0x0073, 0x0061, 0x006F, 0x0068, 0x1ECD,    0x006B, 0x0068, 0x00F4, 0x006E, 0x0067, 0x0074, 0x0068, 0x1EC3,    0x0063, 0x0068, 0x1EC9, 0x006E, 0x00F3, 0x0069, 0x0074, 0x0069,    0x1EBF, 0x006E, 0x0067, 0x0056, 0x0069, 0x1EC7, 0x0074},"TisaohkhngthchnitingVit-kjcr8268qyxafd2f1b9g", IDN2_OK},  {"(L) 3<nen>B<gumi><kinpachi><sensei>", 8,   {    0x0033, 0x5E74, 0x0042, 0x7D44, 0x91D1, 0x516B, 0x5148, 0x751F},"3B-ww4c5e180e575a65lsy2b", IDN2_OK},  {"(M) <amuro><namie>-with-SUPER-MONKEYS", 24,   {    0x5B89, 0x5BA4, 0x5948, 0x7F8E, 0x6075, 0x002D, 0x0077, 0x0069,    0x0074, 0x0068, 0x002D, 0x0053, 0x0055, 0x0050, 0x0045, 0x0052,    0x002D, 0x004D, 0x004F, 0x004E, 0x004B, 0x0045, 0x0059, 0x0053},"-with-SUPER-MONKEYS-pc58ag80a8qai00g7n9n", IDN2_OK},  {"(N) Hello-Another-Way-<sorezore><no><basho>", 25,   {    0x0048, 0x0065, 0x006C, 0x006C, 0x006F, 0x002D, 0x0041, 0x006E,    0x006F, 0x0074, 0x0068, 0x0065, 0x0072, 0x002D, 0x0057, 0x0061,    0x0079, 0x002D, 0x305D, 0x308C, 0x305E, 0x308C, 0x306E, 0x5834,    0x6240},"Hello-Another-Way--fc4qua05auwb3674vfr0b", IDN2_OK},  {"(O) <hitotsu><yane><no><shita>2", 8,   {    0x3072, 0x3068, 0x3064, 0x5C4B, 0x6839, 0x306E, 0x4E0B, 0x0032},"2-u9tlzr9756bt3uc0v", IDN2_OK},  {"(P) Maji<de>Koi<suru>5<byou><mae>", 13,   {    0x004D, 0x0061, 0x006A, 0x0069, 0x3067, 0x004B, 0x006F, 0x0069,    0x3059, 0x308B, 0x0035, 0x79D2, 0x524D},"MajiKoi5-783gue6qz075azm5e", IDN2_OK},  {"(Q) <pafii>de<runba>", 9,   {    0x30D1, 0x30D5, 0x30A3, 0x30FC, 0x0064, 0x0065, 0x30EB, 0x30F3, 0x30D0},"de-jg4avhby1noc0d", IDN2_OK},  {"(R) <sono><supiido><de>", 7,   {    0x305D, 0x306E, 0x30B9, 0x30D4, 0x30FC, 0x30C9, 0x3067},"d9juau41awczczp", IDN2_OK},  {"(S) -> $1.00 <-", 11,   {    0x002D, 0x003E, 0x0020, 0x0024, 0x0031, 0x002E, 0x0030, 0x0030,    0x0020, 0x003C, 0x002D}, "-> $1.00 <--", IDN2_OK}};static int error_count = 0;static int break_on_error = 0;static voidfail (const char *format, ...){  va_list arg_ptr;  va_start (arg_ptr, format);  vfprintf (stderr, format, arg_ptr);  va_end (arg_ptr);  error_count++;  if (break_on_error)    exit (EXIT_FAILURE);}static voiducs4print (const uint32_t * str, size_t len){  size_t i;  printf ("\t;; ");  for (i = 0; i < len; i++)    {     printf ("U+%04x ", str[i]);     if ((i + 1) % 4 == 0)    printf (" ");     if ((i + 1) % 8 == 0 && i + 1 < len)    printf ("\n\t;; ");    }  puts ("");}void adaptinput(char *inp, uint32_t *buffer) {    int ndx = 0;    for (int ctr = 0; ctr < strlen(inp); ctr++) {        buffer[ndx] = inp[ctr];        ndx += sizeof(uint32_t);    }}int main(int argc, char **argv) {    unsigned includeConstantTests = 1;    if (argc >= 2) {        for (int ctr1 = 1; ctr1 < argc; ctr1++) {            if (strcmp(argv[ctr1], "--skip")) {                includeConstantTests = 0;                for (int ctr2 = argc - 2; ctr2 > ctr1 && ctr2 < argc - 1; ctr2--) {                    argv[ctr2 - 1] = argv[ctr2];                }                argc = argc - 1;            }                if (includeConstantTests != 0)                {                    char *p;                    uint32_t *q;                    int rc;                    size_t i, outlen;                    p = (char *) malloc (sizeof (*p) * BUFSIZ);                    if (p == NULL)                      fail ("malloc() returned NULL\n");                    q = (uint32_t *) malloc (sizeof (*q) * BUFSIZ);                    if (q == NULL)                      fail ("malloc() returned NULL\n");                    for (i = 0; i < sizeof (punycode) / sizeof (punycode[0]); i++)                      {                       printf ("PUNYCODE entry %d: %s\n", (int) i, punycode[i].name);                       printf ("in:\n");                       ucs4print (punycode[i].in, punycode[i].inlen);                        outlen = BUFSIZ;                        rc = punycode_encode(punycode[i].inlen, punycode[i].in, &outlen, p);                        if (rc != punycode[i].rc)                       {                        fail ("punycode_encode() entry %d failed: %d\n", (int) i, rc);                        printf ("FATAL\n");                        continue;                       }                        if (rc == IDN2_OK)                       p[outlen] = '\0';                        if (rc == IDN2_OK)                       {                        printf ("computed out: %s\n", p);                        printf ("expected out: %s\n", punycode[i].out);                       }                        else                         printf ("returned %d expected %d\n", rc, punycode[i].rc);                        if (rc == IDN2_OK)                       {                        if (strlen (punycode[i].out) != strlen (p) ||                            memcmp (punycode[i].out, p, strlen (p)) != 0)                          {                            fail ("punycode() entry %d failed\n", (int) i);                            printf ("ERROR\n");                          }                        else                            printf ("OK\n\n");                       }                        else                       printf ("OK\n\n");                       printf ("in: %s\n", punycode[i].out);                       outlen = BUFSIZ;                       rc = punycode_decode(strlen (punycode[i].out), punycode[i].out, &outlen, q);                       if (rc != punycode[i].rc)                       {                        fail ("punycode() entry %d failed: %d\n", (int) i, rc);                        printf ("FATAL\n");                        continue;                       }                        if (rc == IDN2_OK)                       {                        printf ("computed out:\n");                        ucs4print (q, outlen);                        printf ("expected out:\n");                        ucs4print (punycode[i].in, punycode[i].inlen);                       }                        else                          printf ("returned %d expected %d\n", rc, punycode[i].rc);                        if (rc == IDN2_OK)                       {                        if (punycode[i].inlen != outlen ||                            memcmp (punycode[i].in, q, outlen) != 0)                          {                            fail ("punycode_decode() entry %d failed\n", (int) i);                            printf ("ERROR\n");                          }                        else                          printf ("OK\n\n");                       }                        else                         printf ("OK\n\n");                      }                    free (q);                    free (p);                }                size_t insize = sizeof(argv[ctr1]) * sizeof(uint32_t);                void *inbuffer = malloc(insize);                if (inbuffer != NULL) {                    adaptinput(argv[ctr1], inbuffer);                    unsigned mbs = 256;                    size_t bufsize = pow(2,20) * mbs;                    void *encbuffer = malloc(bufsize);                    if (encbuffer != NULL) {                        size_t encsize = bufsize;                        int rc = punycode_encode(insize, inbuffer, &encsize, encbuffer);                        if (rc == IDN2_OK) {                            void *decbuffer = malloc(pow(2, 10) * mbs);                            if (decbuffer != NULL) {                                rc = punycode_decode(bufsize, decbuffer, &insize, encbuffer);                                if (rc == IDN2_OK) {                                    printf("%s ",argv[ctr1]);                                    if (strcmp(inbuffer, argv[ctr1])) {                                        printf("MATCHED!");                                    } else {                                        printf("Did NOT Match");                                    }                                    printf("\n");                                }                            } else {                                printf("Decoding buffer allocation failed!\n");                                printf("size of uint32_t is %lu", sizeof(uint32_t));                                return -3;                            }                        } else {                            printf("Encoding buffer allocation failed!\n");                            printf("size of uint32_t is %lu", sizeof(uint32_t));                            return -2;                        }                    }                } else {                    printf("Input buffer allocation failed!\n");                    return -1;                }            }        }}

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